how have Homo Sapiens evolved essays

how have Homo Sapiens advanced expositions Since the primary Homo Sapiens developed from Homo Erectus around 800,000 years back people have depended on their device building capacities to spread all through a world they would before long come to rule. The remarkable capacity Homo Sapiens posesed permitted sturdiness to be supplanted by devices and weapons which gave people a favorable position over some other creature from little quick rodents, to colossal mammoths. This in the long run lead to the world we have today where every other creature live in keeps an eye on space, and are unimportant references in urban areas swarmed by improvements and vehicles, and secured by black-top. The main impetus behind the development of creatures has been common choice. As nature transformed it was fundamental for creatures to either adjust or kick the bucket, and the creatures that exist today are unique in relation to their predesceors along these lines. People anyway changed this basic factor with the production of devices. The virus could be battled with fire and garments, water could be crossed with pontoons, and nearly anything in nature is given a partner in the creative mind. Since the race depended on the capacity to shape the condition the wellness markers of the past that comprised of mass and sure mass changed to astuteness. As keeps an eye on devices experienced their own advancement people had the option to shape developments where creatures were crowded not followed, and plants were developed, not found. This wiped out the traveling attribute of previously and significantly further disposed of the past guideline of regular determination. The most appealing ma te may be somebody who was adept at their exchange, a little man who was a decent rancher would be more alluring than a huge man who was definitely not. These qualities were passed down and intelct was further and further created. As mankind descends the course of events there are more than physiological turns of events, there was the beginning of human advancement. This caused in complex dialects, and that took into consideration individuals like scholars to ... <!

Success of China Economy

Achievement of China Economy Presentation There has been an amazing development of the Chinese economy in the course of the most recent decade. The excellent development in China has been guage to proceed in the majority of the parts. The fundamental issue looked by China is the absence of portability of assets from one spot to where they are required. China’s GDP in 2000 developed in excess of multiple times that of 1980;it surpassed US$ 1,000billion (Wang Liu, 2006, p.8).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Success of China Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been enormous development of the all out financial volume which has improved item flexibly to the economy just as improving the people’s day to day environments. Industrialization has additionally quickened moving from lower level of lopsided improvement to levels of adjusted turn of events. China has solid possibilities of supporting solid monetary development and exchange extension what's to come. China GDP The GDP speak to the all out market estimation of every single last great and administrations created inside a nation in a given timeframe (Makiw 2008, p.496). Gross domestic product is seen as the absolute use in the economy. To assist us with getting GDP, I will examine the arrangement of GDP.GDP is given by Y= C + I + G + NX. Where: Y speaks to the GDP C indicates utilization by family, I signify venture G †Government use NX †Net fare (Mankiw 2009, p. 496). As indicated by the World Bank Report (2000), the complete GDP for China remained at $5.879 Trillion in the year 2010. Yearly GDP development rate Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Growth rate in% 12.7 14.2 9.6 9.2 10.3 (Source: World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/marker/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) The twofold digit development rate for longer than 10 years has made China the second biggest economy on the planet. A few financial experts accept that the development rate may go down and balance out at 8% becaus e of worldwide emergency of fares. China developing fare has been the key main thrust of the country’s economy.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the worldwide downturn is harming China’s economy, the administration is changing the improvement design with the developing household utilization. As indicated by World Bank Report (2000), the country’s yearly exchange surplus is relied upon to associate with 2 percent of the GDP this year. China has encountered a normal of 10 percent of GDP. With 10.3 percent development of GDP in 2010 China overwhelmed Japan as the second biggest economy after Japan. China is relied upon to post a yearly development of 9 percent in the year 2011 notwithstanding the drowsy development on the planet economy. Purposes behind Rapid Economic Growth The fast financial development of China throughout the most rec ent 30 years has amazed numerous individuals. The development has been predictable in spite of differing financial patterns on the planet economy. There is a monetary law that the nation applied so as to accomplish such development. The main thrusts of the China economy incorporate top notch human capital and market organizations that are utilitarian (Chow, 2010, p. 43). Human capital involves the capacities of the working society, the abilities and the hard working attitudes of the work power. It likewise incorporates the cleverness of business people who assume responsibility for business ventures. Quality human capital is something that has been truly incorporated in the social custom of the Chinese society. The nature of human capital can't be estimated constantly of tutoring as it were. Business analysts should fuse the hard working attitudes and inventiveness of the work power. These characteristics have been improved after some time and ignored starting with one age then onto the next. Joblessness in China Unemployment is dictated by the quantity of individuals who are not working however can work and are in this way searching for work in a given timespan. Joblessness RateAdvertising We will compose a custom article test on Success of China Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rate in % 4.1 4 4.2 4.3 4.1 (Source: State Statistical Bureau) Despite China enrolling financial development of in excess of 10 percent for 10 years, joblessness stays one of the monetary issues confronting the nation with the joblessness rate remaining at 4.1 percent. There has been wide spread urban joblessness emergency since 1990 (Warner, 2007, p.4). Despite the fact that there is a financial development that has added to the formation of occupations, the degree of joblessness stay high on the grounds that the employments made can't ingest all looking for work. In the wake of receiving socialism China guaranteed its resid ents occupations. Numerous years after the fact, undertakings have inclined towards free enterprise philosophies which have prompted wasteful aspects in the state possessed endeavors. Rivalry and presentation has caused the undertakings to calm workers of their obligations trying to keep up the endeavors. The endeavors embraced the changes to have the option to contend in the worldwide market. Current Account China pegs its money, the Yuan to the U.S. dollar and keeps up a fixed swapping scale. Net Current Account is given by: Net Current Account = Net Capital Account [(Exports †Imports) + Net Unilateral = [(Private Capital surge †Inflow) + Transfers] change in remote Exchange Reserves] (Morrison, Labonte Sanford, 2006, p.15). Any expansion in net fares or net private capital must be coordinated with an equivalent increment in outside trade holds in order to keep up the swapping scale peg. The most significant piece of current record is the equalization of exchange. The ad justments in example of exchanges with other exchanging accomplices remain the key drivers in the momentum record of China.Advertising Searching for exposition on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Positive net fare causes an overflow in the present record of an economy and the measure of surplus relies upon the measure of positive net fare. A deficiency in the present record is represented by negative net fare. Current record surplus will altogether rely upon the fares. China Surplus on Current Account, percent of GDP Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 % 9.5 11.0 10.0 9.6 8.6 (Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook 2011, Table 2.4 p. 73) China Fiscal Indicators Government Revenue and their proportion t GDP Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Revenue in Billion Yuan 3876.02 5132.18 6137.70 6850.20 7857.44 Ratio of Revenue to GDP in % 18 22 20 23 24 (Source: National Bureau of Statistics of PRC, Statistical Yearbook of China, 2006-2010). The income from the China government has been on the ascent throughout the years mirroring a huge development in the year 2006-2010.Comparing between years 2009 and 2010,China’s income development rate is about 14% which is high er than the expansion in GDP for a similar period. The administration income is significantly gotten from charges through utilization, corporate salary and imports. Income increment has been the primary target of the legislature in order to back open use and forestall shortfall. Government Expenditure and their proportion to GDP Year 2008 2009 Expenditure in Billion Yuan 6,243 7,624 Ratio of Expenditure to GDP in % 23 24 (Source: The government’s spending explanation 2008-09, Hang Seng Bank). It very well may be seen that there has been shortfall in year 2008 and 2009. This pattern is relied upon to proceed in the coming a very long time since the administration will require broad measure of income to fund its various advancement plans notwithstanding the monetary stoppage. Fiscal Indicators The major financial markers of the China economy are cash gracefully and the pace of expansion. China is the nation with the biggest cash gracefully and has been printing its money at a q uick rate. As per insights from the focal People’s Bank of China, China’s expansive cash flexibly rose to 7103 trillion Yuan in the year 2010. The cash gracefully is bigger than that of US and Japan. The guidelines completed by People’s Bank of China require that for each US$1 increment in outside trade saves, the bank needs to discharge a comparable measure of Yuan into the economy (Financial Times, 2010a). China fares and Imports According to World Bank report (2000), China trades were worth 1.575 Trillion USD 2010.The development of fare has kept on being the help of China quick monetary development. China fares of products and ventures comprise around 39.7 % of its GDP. Significant fares include: office machines, media transmission gear, electrical apparatus and apparel. Significant markets for China sends out incorporate European Union, USA, Japan and South Korea. Imports in the year 2010 1.33 Trillion USD Chinas import flooded in the long stretch of Octobe r 2011 as fare developed at a more slow rate. This has prompted China concentrating on household request in order to pad it against financial the diminishing fares. Imports from the significant exchanging accomplices have expanded essentially. The expansion in imports is owing to the increment of expectations for everyday comforts in China permitting individuals to imports merchandise from the global markets. The development of fare is because of expanded intensity of China products and expanded remote ventures. China outside save According to people groups Bank of China, China remote trade save remained at US $ 3.2 Trillion in June 2011. At the point when China joined World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, there was fast development in the two imports and fares. Remote direct venture streams surpassed US$ 60 billion continuously 2006. Just because, China’s remote trade saves surpassed USD 1 trillion in October 2006. The persistent advancement of the countrys economy has pro mpted the quick development of outside trade save with China drawing in universal investm

Argumentative Essay Topics - How To Write One?

Argumentative Essay Topics - How To Write One?Argumentative essay topics, especially Global Warming, will become a focal point of debate at many colleges. Students will start reading about global warming and their view will be one of uncertainty and denial.The climate change argument is an intriguing one to discuss with your essay topics. It is not just a matter of knowing the facts but it is also a matter of deciding what would be most beneficial to mankind.This is why many world leaders have come out in support of reducing world hunger. However, one thing is for sure: Global Warming is not going to go away. It is, however, the best way to minimize its effects on the world.In fact, because of this, need for individuals to do something about it becomes even more pressing. It is so important because there is no way that we can avoid Global Warming. It is already here and it is just a matter of time before it becomes worse than it already is.It is vital that you know more about the glo bal warming debate, specifically the controversy over the issue of global warming. We are talking about a subject which is politically sensitive and where there is very much at stake. As a result, you are not only engaging in a political discussion but are taking a stand on an issue that affects the lives of millions of people. For this reason, you should make sure that your essay topics will have a strong stance.You may want to look into documentaries that take a critical look at the scientific and ideological arguments surrounding global warming. This is a good starting point, because you will find that there are many groups that disagree with each other. And, each side has its own media outlets to back up its position. This means that you can include both sides of the debate in your essay topics if you really wish to highlight the issues.Perhaps this will be one of the best arguments for argumentative essay topics. Not only will it help you with a chance to tell the story of the debate over global warming, it will also have you sitting on the same side as those who are definitely 'Not-Warm-Waters'.

Stella Ting-Tommeys Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture

Stella Ting-Tommeys Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture Introduction This research report is based on the article Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture taken from the book Communication, Culture, and Organizational Processes. In this article, Stella Ting-Toomey talks about culture and conflict and its relation to low- and high-context cultures. Summary Ting-Toomey starts the article by addressing conflict. Conflict is part of human nature. It stems from many things. An example of a possible conflict could stem from differences in culture. She lists several other examples of possible conflict. She breaks the article up into three sections to better understand the idea of conflict versus culture. The first†¦show more content†¦Ting-Toomey starts to incorporate examples of high-context societies and low-context societies to her definitions of culture and conflict. The second section of the article deals with conflicts in low- and high-context cultures. She defines a low-context culture as groups of cultures that value words, or what is actually said (Ting-Toomey 76). A high-context culture is defined as groups of cultures that put the needs and goals of the group first. This is more of a we-identity (Ting-Toomey 76). Examples of low-context cultures are Germany, United States, and Switzerland. Some high-context cultures are the Chinese, the Japanese, and the Vietnamese. There is more emphasis put on the relationship in a high-context cultre, whereas words are more important in a low-context culture. Ting-Toomey explains one of the conflict differences between the two. In a low-context culture, two people in a conflict can argue, yell, and curse at each other while still remaining friends (Ting-Toomey 77). To call someone out in a high-context culture is a severe insult. This causes both parties to lose face (Ting-Toomey 77). Another difference between the two cultures as noted by Ting-Toomey is the levels of uncertainty in a conversation. There are high levels of uncertainty in a low-context society, while there is low uncertainty in a high-context culture (Ting-Toomey 79). The high uncertainty level in the low-context cultures is often

Abortion Should Be Legal Option - 930 Words

Abortion should be a legal option The subject of abortion has been a long debated issue, dating back to the 1800’s. (2) During this time abortion was made Illegal due to the lack of educated doctor, it was too dangerous. As time passed the issue got bigger and more dangerous because of the number of back ally clinics that started to pop up. As a result, the maternal death rate increased drastically. In the early 1900’s, an average of 9.1 maternal deaths per 100,000 births, increasing to 14 per 100,000 in 2000, by 2013 it doubled to an astonishing 18.5 deaths per 100,000 live births that is 800 deaths. (1) So yes, abortion should be a legal option to decide when to start a family. I believe all women should have access to abortion clinics, however, I also think that there has to be certain restrictions that help regulate and execute the procedure as safe as possible. My arguments for why abortion should be legal can be found in each of the following topics women rights, personhood, victim protection and birth control. The first reason, is the principal value of a free nation. Women have the right to decide whether or not they want to start a family. In the Griswold v Connecticut a right to privacy was established for the use of birth control and in turn set a precedent. (2) Eight years later, in Roe v Wade court ruling abortion was legalized under the protection of the 14 amendment right to privacy. (2) Adding that privacy rights were broad enough to encompass theShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Be Legal Option1491 Words   |  6 Pagesnot abortion should be a legal option continues to divide Americans long after the US Supreme Court’s 7-2 decision on Roe v. Wade declared the procedure a fundamental right† in 1973. Advocates, also known as pro-choice, say that choosing abortion is a woman s right that should not be limited by governmental or religious authority, which outweighs any right claimed for a fetus. One of the arguments is that pregnant women will resort to dangerous, ille gal abortions if there is no legal option. CriticsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1598 Words   |  7 PagesNot every abortion story can be this tragic, but then again, it should not have to be. Women do not need valid reasons to decide what they think would be best for their future; it is ultimately their decision. What if abortion was illegal? Many women, who are determined to terminate their pregnancy, will find a way; whether it be an unsafe intake of pills, or a dangerous and expensive back-alley abortion. Numerous people beleive it t o be immoral, murderous, dangerous, pointless, and should only beRead MorePro Life And Pro Choice Debates875 Words   |  4 PagesPro-Choice stance fights for equal rights for the women. Currently abortions are legal in the United States up to the second trimester. The purpose of this power point will be to explore the ethical and legal viewpoints of the Pro-Life and Pro-Choice stances. Individuals who are Pro-Choice believe that an abortion is a given right and a given choice, which should not be limited by the government or religion (ProCon.org, 2015). 1. Women should have the right to control their own body and make their ownRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?863 Words   |  4 Pageschild or should she be forced to deliver? Put yourself in her shoes. Can you imagine the pain she might feel every time she looks at the child? Should she be forced to endure this? Women should be allowed to have abortions under circumstances such as these. Abortion has been a topic of debate for centuries if not longer. Abortion occurs when a fetus is removed from a woman s body before the fetus is able to fully develop. Before the 1800s, not many laws existed concerning abortion. It was notRead MoreEssay On Abortion917 Words   |  4 Pageswomen in the United States today. Abortion is defined as the process of terminating a pregnancy through medical practice; this procedure became legal in 1973. Over the years, overly restrictive laws have been placed on the act of abortion by the pro-life movement, and now more than ever, the government is working to ban abortion altogether; for now, however, it is still legal in the majority of states in the United States, including Iowa. Abortion should remain legal in the United States for many reasonsRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life Or Pro Choice1371 Words   |  6 Pagesopinion arise in regards to abortion, including the obvious â€Å"pro-life or pro-choice† question many people have defian t answers to. Abortion is a topic that most every person has a very strong, firm stance on, resulting in a worldwide debate of the matter. Differences of opinion persist within both movements. â€Å"Some pro-life activists may condone abortions in cases of rape or incest, while others take an uncompromising stance, believing that all abortion is murder† (â€Å"Abortion†). Most pro-life thinkersRead MoreEssay on Pro and Cons of Abortion658 Words   |  3 PagesMarinelly Gonzalez Dr. Edwards Com 123 Cons of Abortion wrong and looked down upon by a lot of religions. Some women use abortion as a type of birth control. They sleep with men and do not use protection and think nothing of it to go to the clinic as many as five times in their life to have an abortion. A con against abortion is the nagging thought that a woman went to a clinic, had an abortion, and thus the world was prevented from seeing the birth of the only person capable of attainingRead MoreThe Wro ngs Of Abortion : Abortion1298 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2014 The Wrongs of Abortion Have you ever wondered what it would feel like to have your right to live taken away? A baby fetus doesn’t even get a chance to decide whether or not they want to live or not when inside the mothers’ womb. A baby has no say because the mother has the power to just â€Å"get rid† of a child. Abortion would just be a gateway to get rid of a child by killing it. There are many other different ways to prevent or give away a child you do not want. Abortion isn’t the only answer

Laboratory Techniques and Measurements free essay sample

What color do you observe? When reacting phenolphthalein with an acid what color change do you expect? What color change do you expect with a base? Response: I observed a colorless mixture. When reacting phenolphthalein with an acid, the mixture will remain colourless but when reacting with a base the mixture would change fuschia. K. AgNO3 and NH3 (ammonia). Absorb this mixture onto a scrap of paper towel and expose it to intense light from a light bulb or the sun. Be patient and you will observe a change. Record your observation. Response: The mixture turned a greenish brown. Questions A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). How would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate? Answer: Sodium Bicarbonate is a strong base. Therefore I would perform 3 tests. First test, I would verify if it would create a colourless bubble like liquid. For this test, I would add HCl to the household product. If the substance reacted with a colourless bubble-producing product, this test would be positive. In the second test, I would add Bromthymol to the household product, if it turns blue, this test would be positive. Bromthymol turns blue when it comes into contact with a base. In the third test, I would add Phenolphthalein to the household product, if the product turns fuschia, this test would be positive. Penolphthalein turns fuschia when it comes in contact with a base. If all of the above tests are positive, this would indicate that there is sodium bicarbonate present. B. You know what color phenolphthalein and bromthymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several (at least 3) household items including household cleaning products with bromthymol blue. Rinse the pipet well before using it on the next household chemical. When finished with this experiment rinse the pipet well and return it to the Auxiliary Bag for use in future experiments. Name the items tested and record their results. What do these results mean? Answer: Items usedTest results powdered cleaning product with bleach Phenolphthalein – Fuschia Bromthymol blue – Blue black This is a base. Window cleanerPhenolphathlein – Fuscia Bromthymol blue – Blue black This is a base. DishsoapPhenolphathlein – Colourless Bromthymol blue – Yellow This is an acid C. You found a sample of a solution that has a faint odor resembling vinegar. You are verifying that it is indeed vinegar and you add a few drops of phenolphthalein. The sample turns pink. What assumption can you make about this sample? Answer: I can assume that this solution is a base. D. While performing a starch test on several different cookie brands, four tests result in the typical black color of starch-presence, but the fifth gives a yellow-brown color. How might you interpret this result? Answer: In my interpretation, I would say that the first four cookies are primarily made of starch and the fifth cookie is not primarily made of starch. E. You decided to investigate if the new wave of Vitamin Water is pH neutral: neither too acidic nor too basic. Using BTB (bromothymol blue), you select five flavors of Vitamin Water to test. Three of the flavor-samples turn a murky green, indicating the likelihood of acid/base balance. Of the two remaining, one turns slightly yellow, while one remains blue. What can you assume about the acid/base content of these particular flavors of Vitamin Water? Answer: I can assume that the two remaining Vitamin Water flavors are not neutral. The liquid that remained slightly yellow is more acidic than alkaline, while the other liquid that remained blue is more alkaline than acidic. F. You have read that a new brand of hair tonic is supposed to contain lead (an ingredient in Grecian Formula). Devise a simple test to confirm the presence or absence of lead in that hair tonic. Answer: I would add KI to the hair tonic. If the product turns yellow, then the product has lead, if it does not, it does not contain lead. Conclusion: In conclusion, this experiment exposed how to perform, observe and interpret a variety of chemical reactions between substances used in household products. The diluting phase prior to the commencement of the lab, clarified what is necessary to be done if a substance had excessively molarity. Macroscopic views of the chemical reactions were observed primarily through visual observation. Based on the visual observation, the outcome produced between the combined chemicals depicted whether or not a chemical alkaline or acidic or where a chemical is in the solution or not. It was quite interesting to see different reactions depending if it was placed on white paper or black paper and what occurred when sunlight or light was added to one reaction. On the microscopic level, it is assumed that the rearrangement of atoms occurred when the chemicals combined with each other. In addition, since all molecules were different, the products created are compounds. The errors in this lab could be seen in the ratios of each substance. Although precaution was taken when cutting the pipet stem horizontally and ensuring the pipet was horizontal when a drop was squeezed out, it is hard to control and calculate the exact amount of liquid that expelled out of each pipet. In other words, 1:1 ratio may never have been exact

Mixed Methods Critique free essay sample

I raise some cautionary issues in this paper by critiquing the methodology in the journal article titled â€Å"Researching men: the politics and possibilities of a qualitative mixed-methods approach† published by Meth and McClymont (2011). Meth and McClymont (2011) explores the possibility and politics of using qualitative mixed methods approach in researching men. The methods employed in the study include focus group discussion, one-on-one interview, archival method (diary), visual methods, and evaluation interview. I deduced these methods from the data sources highlighted in the article (page 911) since the authors failed to explicitly highlight the various methods that make up their mixed methods. More importantly, I discuss a number of problems associated with their methodological choices. First, the authors were not clear in revealing the purpose and focus of the paper. Researchers engaging in mixed methods research need to have a clear sense of the logic and purpose of their approach. A clear focus ultimately underpins a practical strategy not only for choosing and deploying a particular mix of methods, but also for linking their data analytically (Mason, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Mixed Methods Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Were the authors interested in revealing the possibility of researching men using mixed methods (page 910)? Or were they actually developing a mixed method framework for researching men (page 910)? Or were they exploring the various ways in which men are subjected to violence (page 911)? Inexplicit research focus complicates methodological issues since ‘mixed methods’ is in itself a complex method. As a consequence, I found it difficult to identify and integrate the various methods and their justification to understand the entire paper. To expand on the methodological complications inherent in the paper, the authors confuse mixed methods with repeat research. For instance, in xplaining why they were able to get a research participant to reveal sensitive information, Meth and McClymont (2011) wrote: This transformation of disclosure illustrate the intrinsic value of repeat research and the varying benefits (and limitation) of each method, with each offering a particular space for knowledge production to take place (page 917) Deducing from the quote, repeat research is used in place of mixed methods. However, there is a distinction between repeat research and mixed methods. Repeat research is an ambiguous term. It may refer to the use of a single research method repeatedly, perhaps at different places or even the same place. It may also refer to triangulation of methods, which involves the use of more than one method to address a single research question (Spicer cited in Seale, 2012). There is little room for ambiguity when using mixed method because the method is in itself complex. Questions of methodological rigor arise in the paper. The authors did not actually describe the specific methods that make up their mixed methods research. They clearly described what ‘mixed methods’ are in the context of their research (page 911) but failed to describe the focus group discussion, interviews, visual methods and documentary evidence they used. Meth and McClymont (2011) assume that by using these methods in their research, readers will grasp what they really are. However, in methodological approaches, there is a big difference between describing what methods a researcher chooses to use, and explaining how the chosen methods are used. Also, researchers are obliged to justify their choices of methods. The justification for mixed method is not limited to why a researcher uses a mix of methods, but also how each method is vital in the entire research. The authors focused on justifying ‘mixed methods’ in its entirety and ignored justifying the use of each specific method used. Another point of critique is the sampling of the research participants. Meth and McClymont (2011) make a lot of sampling choices without explaining or justifying those choices. First they selected 20 men in the South African city of Durban but did not reveal the rationale for such selection. Obvious questions in this sampling choice are: why men and not women? Why 20 men and not 5, 50, or 100? Why the South African city of Durban? Apparently, they explained why they selected an informal settlement (Cato Crest) by indicating that the settlement have high incidence of violence (page, 911), and ignored justifying the selection of South African city of Durban. Regarding the research participants, even though the authors claim to use 20 male participants in their research, the entire paper centers on the stories and experiences of a single participant (a man called Sakhile). This raises questions of representation even within the 20 men selected. In discussing the use of visual images, the researches asked Sakhile to take twelve images illustrating his experience of violence (page 916). Again the question that arises is: why 12 images? The methodological error is rooted not in the selections per say, but in the failure to justify such selections. Finally, the ethics of research were not thoroughly considered in the methodology. Any research which deals with participants disclosing sensitive issues to researchers or using visual images require ethical considerations (Ali cited in Seale, 2012). Consent from and anonymity of Sakhile (the research participant) is essential because of the degree of sensitivity associated with disclosing his HIV status, especially in African societies. Meth and McClymont (2011) are rigorous in seeking the consent of the participants by requesting that all participants sign a consent form prior to their participation (page 918). They also provided full information regarding research requirements from participants and issues of anonymity (page 919). However, I know about Sakhile’s sensitive story because the authors failed to live up to the promise of keeping such information secret. With increasing information technology, perhaps people who know Sakhile in Durban city have read this paper. More importantly, the authors failed to highlight ethical issues associated with taking pictures of others and places. Sakhile has no idea the ethical issues involved in taking pictures of places and people when the researchers handed the disposable camera to him. Failure to point out visual ethics involved in using visual methods is a methodological concern. In conclusion, Meth and McClymont (2011) deserve commendation for revealing practical ways of doing mixed method research. They also clarify through their research that mixing method is not always about blending quantitative nd qualitative methods, but can be a pure blend of qualitative methods (page 911). However, paying attention to improving their research focus, revealing sampling rationale, providing detail explanation of specific methods used, and improving ethical considerations are ways of improving their methodological rigor. References Ali, S. (2012) â€Å"Visual Analysis†, in Seale, C. (ed. ) (2012) Research So ciety and Culture 3rd Ed. , London: Sage Publication Mason, J. (2006) Six strategies for mixing methods and linking data in social science research, Working Paper, accessed http://eprints. crm. ac. uk/482/ 12/10/2012 Meth, P. and K. McClymont (2009) Researching men: the politics and possibilities of a qualitative mixed methods approach, Social and Cultural Geography, 10(8) 909-925 Spicer, N. (2012) â€Å"Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods†, in Seale, C. (ed. ) (2012) Research Society and Culture 3rd Ed. , London: Sage Publication Tashakkori, A. and Teddlie, C. (2010) Putting the human back in human research methodology: The researcher in mixed methods research, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(4), 271-277